Filters: Department:"Anthropology" Collection:"ir_uspace" Publisher:"University of Chicago Press" Format:"application/pdf"
| Title | Creator | Description | Subject | Date | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Shared norms and the evolution of ethnic markers | McElreath, Richard | Unlike other primates, human populations are often divided into ethnic groups that have self-ascribed membership and are marked by seemingly arbitrary traits such as distinctive styles of dress or speech (Barth 1969, 1981). The modern understanding that ethnic identities are flexible and ethnic bou... | Ethnic groups; Ethnic identity; Migration; Markers | 2003-02 |
| 2 |  | Group selection by selective emigration: the effects of migration and kin structure | Rogers, Alan R. | Group selection may operate through selective emigration, as Sewall Wright envisioned, as well as through selective extinction. The discrete-generation model of selective emigration developed here yields the following conclusions. 1. The fitness benefit of altruism, "depends on the frequency of altr... | Natural selection; selective extinction; evolution | 1990-03 |
| 3 |  | Hadza children's foraging: juvenile dependency, social arrangement and mobility among hunter-gatherers | Hawkes, Kristen | Presents a study on the foraging activities of Hadza children in Tanzania, Africa. Success of children's foraging; Determinants of children's foraging; Monitoring of the activities of children; Near-camp foraging return rates; Variables underlying the patterns of foraging. | Children; foraging; hazda; hunter-gatherers | 1995 |
| 4 |  | Hadza scavenging: implications for Plio/Pleistocene Hominid subsistence | Hawkes, Kristen | The frequent association of stone tools and large animal bones in African Plio/Pleistocene archaeological sites has long been taken as evidence of the importance of hunting in early hominid diets. Many now argue that it reflects hominid scavenging, not hunting. | Hadza; scavenging; plio/pleistocene; hominid diet | 1988-04 |
| 5 |  | Hadza women's time allocation, offspring provisioning, and the evolution of long postmenopausal life spans | Hawkes, Kristen | Extended provisioning of offspring and long postmenopausal life spans are characteristic of all modern humans but no other primates. These traits may have evolved in tandem. Analysis of relationships between women's time allocation and children's nutritional welfare among the Hadza of northern Tanza... | Child care; children, nutrition; life spans, biology; mother & child; primates; social structure; women; time management; hominids | 1997 |
| 6 |  | Alyawara plant use and optimal foraging theory | Hawkes, Kristen | Various authors have remarked on the importance of seeds in the pre-European diet of central Australian Aborigines. The Alyawara, an Arandic-speaking group, were typical in this respect. They collected edible seeds from nearly half the eighty-five plant species in their traditional subsistence inven... | Australia; aborigines; foraging; seeds | 1981 |
| 7 |  | Ethnocentrism and xenophobia: a cross-cultural study | Cashdan, Elizabeth A. | Analyzes the factors influencing ethnic affiliation and interethnic hostility. Relationship between intraethnic loyalty and risk of famine; Continuity of violence at different levels of groupings; Analysis of local and intercommunity conflict. | Ethnic relations; ethnology | 2006-06-06 |
| 8 |  | Population differences in quantitative characters as opposed to gene frequencies | Rogers, Alan R. | Hypotheses about evolution can be tested by comparing genetics differences with those of quantitative characters. Such comparisons are one source of information concerning the forces that maintain variation among natural populations. | Genes; Evolution; Anthropology | 1986-05 |
| 9 |  | Food sharing among Ache hunter-gatherers of Eastern Paraguay | Hawkes, Kristen | Empirical research on food sharing among hunter-gatherers should provide critical data for evaluating both the possible role of food sharing in hominid evolution and the question of how such behavior could be selected. | Hunter-gatherers; ache; paraguay; anthropology | 1988-02 |
| 10 |  | Can females gain additional paternal investment by mating with multiple males? a game theoretic approach | McElreath, Richard | Although females may require only one mating to become inseminated, many female animals engage in costly mating with multiple males. One potential benefit of polyandrous mating is gaining parental investment from multiple males. We developed two game theoretic models to explore this possibility. Our... | Female multiple mating; Polyandry; Nonprocreative mating; Paternal investment; Mating benefits; Mating strategy | 2001-11 |
| 11 |  | Sociobiology of sex and sexes (comment) | Rogers, Alan R. | A comment on "Sociobiology of sex and sexes" by Marion Blute. | Sociobiology; Sex and sexes | 1984-04 |
| 12 |  | New methods in quantitative ethnography: economic experiments and variation in the price of equality | McElreath, Richard | A new method for quantitatively documenting concerns for economic fairness has the potential for identifying variation in prosociality within and across societies. Multiple dictator games conducted in two small-scale societies presented decision makers with a choice between an equitable and an ine... | Inequality; Payoffs; Prosociality | 2007-12 |
| 13 |  | On emergency decisions, egalitarianism, and group selection | Wiessner, Pauline W. | Boehm (CA 37:763-93) puts forward an important thesis-that with the evolution of egalitarian societies, privileged routes to reproductive advantage are blocked and the power of individua selection severely compromised. With competition so constrained, altruistic behavior can more readily spread i... | Boehm's mode; Evolution of altruistic behavior | 1998-06 |
| 14 |  | On network analysis: the potential for understanding (and misunderstanding) !Kung Hxaro | Wiessner, Pauline W. | Schweizer's social network analysis (CA 38: 739-52) of gift giving among the !Kung San (Ju/'hoansi) demonstrates most elegantly how individual strategies, guided by basic cultural rules, coalesce to form a regional system. Complex connections in the network that defied description with simpler anayt... | Density of kinship; Nonsymmetry; Ethnohistorica | 1998-08 |
| 15 |  | On territoriality in hunter-gatherers | Cashdan, Elizabeth A. | Cashdan's intention of using an evolutionary framework to examine cross-cultural variations in territorial defense is admirable, but her argument about the applicability of available models, her own model, and the data used to support it (CA 24:47-66) are all severely flawed. Specifically, Cashdan ... | Defense; Organisms; Behavior | 1983 |
| 16 |  | Origins and affinities of modern humans: a comparison of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data | Rogers, Alan R.; Jorde, Lynn B. | To test hypotheses about the origin of modern humans, we analyzed mtDNA sequences, 30 nuclear restriction-site polymorphisms (RSPs), and 30 tetranucleotide short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms in 243 Africans, Asians, and Europeans. An evolutionary tree based on mtDNA displays deep African branch... | Base Sequence; Variation (Genetics); Base Sequence | 1995 |
| 17 |  | How much can fossils tell us about regional continuity? | Rogers, Alan R. | Presents a study on the genetic contribution of earlier populations to later populations within regions called regional continuity. Testing for regional continuity with multiple characters; Replacement of archaic population by a population of modern humans. | Human genetics; Fossils; Regional continuity | 2006-06-05 |
| 18 |  | Human life histories: primate trade-offs, grandmothering socioecology, and the fossil record | Hawkes, Kristen | Human life histories differ from those of other animals in several striking ways. Recently Smith and Tompkins (1995, p. 258) highlighted the combination of "slow" and "fast" features of human lives. Our period of juvenile dependency is unusually long, our age at first reproduction is late, and we h... | Meat; Maturity; Life Span | 2003 |
| 19 |  | Hunting and nuclear families: some lessons from the Hadza about men's work | Hawkes, Kristen | Hadza hunter-gatherers display economic and social features usually assumed to indicate the dependence of wives and children on provisioning husbands and fathers. The wives and children of better Hadza hunters have been found to be better-nourished, consistent with the assumption that men hunt to pr... | Subsistence economy; Tindiga, African people; Subsistence hunting | 2001-10-24 |
| 20 |  | Refutation of the general single locus model for the etiology of schizophrenia | O'Rourke, Dennis H. | All published studies on the familial incidence of schizophrenia appropriate for testing the applicability of the general single-locus two-allele model are examined under the assumption of a unitary etiology for all schizophrenia. We show that the single major locus model is inadequate to predict th... | Genetics; Diseases in Twins; Chromosome Mapping | 1982 |
| 21 |  | Are peasants risk-averse decision makers? | McElreath, Richard | For decades, researchers studying small-scale, subsistence-oriented farmers have sought to explain why these "peasants" seem slow to acquire new technologies, novel agricultural practices, and new ideas from the larger societies that have engulfed them. The early work on this question suggested that... | Subsistance farmers; risk-aversion; risk-taking; cultural conservatism; cost-benefit analysis | 2002 |
| 22 |  | Territoriality among human foragers: ecological models and an application to four Bushman Groups | Cashdan, Elizabeth A. | Discussions of human territoriality have become more sophisticated in recent years; we see fewer arguments for or against the adaptiveness of territoriality for mankind in general and more attempts to probe the ecological factors that make territoriality adaptive in particular circumstances. | Foraging; Ecological Models; Bushman | 1983-02 |
| 23 |  | Vines of complexity - egalitarian structures and the institutionalization of inequality among the Enga | Wiessner, Pauline W. | The initial stages of the institutionalization of hierarchical social inequalities remain poorly understood. Recent models have added important perspectives to "adaptationist" approaches by centering on the agency of "aggrandizers" who alter egalitarian institutions to suit their own ends through de... | Egalitarian structures; Political evolution; Social d | 2002-04 |
| 24 |  | Waist-to hip ratio across cultures: trade-offs between androgen-and estrogen-dependent traits | Cashdan, Elizabeth A. | A gynoid pattern of fat distribution, with small waist and large hips (low waist-to-hip ratio, or WHR) holds significant fitness benefits for women: women with a low WHR of about 0.7 are more fecund, are less prone to chronic disease, and (in most cultures) are considered more attractive. Why, then... | Fertility; Optimum; Fecundity | 2008 |
| 25 |  | When natural selection favors imitation of parents | McElreath, Richard | It is commonly assumed that parents are important sources of socially learned behavior and beliefs. However, the empirical evidence that parents are cultural models is ambiguous, and debates continue over their importance. A formal theory that examines the evolution of psychological tendencies to i... | Transmission; Evolution; Culture | 2008 |