Filters: Publisher:"University of Chicago Press" Department:"Biology" Publication Type:"journal article" Collection:"ir_uspace"
| Creator | Title | Description | Subject | Date | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Adler, Frederick R.; Jackson, Brian Richard; Carroll, Karen C.; Samore, Matthew H. | Use of strain typing data to estimate bacterial transmission rates in healthcare settings | OBJECTIVE: To create an affordable and accurate method for continuously monitoring bacterial transmission rates in healthcare settings. DESIGN: We present a discrete simulation model that relies on the relationship between in-hospital transmission rates and strain diversity. We also present a proof... | Strain typing; Infection control; Transmission model | 2005 |
| 2 |  | Adler, Frederick R. | Stumped by trees? A generalized null model for patterns of organismal diversity | Evolutionary biologists increasingly have become interested in the factors determining the structure of phylogenetic trees. For example, highly asymmetric trees seem to suggest that the probability of extinction and/or speciation differs among lineages. | Evolutionary diversification; phylogenetic topologies; speciation | 1995 |
| 3 |  | Seger, Jon | Evolution of individuality by Leo W. Buss | Metazoans seldom reproduce vegetatively; they often die of cancer; and they almost always sequester their germ lines. Plants often reproduce vegetatively, seldom die of cancer, and almost never sequester a germ line. Buss argues that these and many other patterns can all be understood in a unified w... | Cell lines; Hierarchy; Biology | 1988 |
| 4 |  | Potts, Wayne K. | Evolution of mating preferences and major histocompatibility complex genes | House mice prefer mates genetically dissimilar at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The highly polymorphic MHC genes control immunological self/nonself recognition; therefore, this mating preference may function to provide "good genes" for an individual's offspring. However, the evidence ... | Inbreeding; Parasites; Recognition | 1999 |
| 5 |  | Sperry, John S. | Evolution of water transport and xylem structure | Land plants need water to replace the evaporation that occurs while atmospheric CO2 is diffusing into photosynthetic tissue. The water-for-carbon exchange rate is poor, and evolutionary history indicates a progression of innovations for cheap water transport--beginning in order with capillary sucti... | Cavitation; Vessels; Plants | 2003 |
| 6 |  | Davidson, Diane W. | Experimental study of diffuse competition in harvester ants | Experiments carried out over a 5-yr period in the Chihuahuan Desert support the a priori prediction of diffuse competition between two species of harvester ants. Despite dietary overlap between a large species {Pogonomyrmex rugosus) and a small species (Pheidole xerophila), the large species facilit... | Chihuahuan Desert; Ants; Facilitation; Resource allocation; Granivory | 1985 |
| 7 |  | Davidson, Diane W. | Size variability in the worker caste of a social insect (veromessor pergandei mayr) as a function of the competitive environment | Worker size polymorphism in colonies of Veromessor pergandei, a granivorous desert ant, is inversely related to the intensity of interspecific competition in the habitat for seven ant communities in the deserts of southern California and southern Arizona. Seed size preferences are positively corr... | Ants; Arizona; California; Coexistence; Communities; Density specialization; Desert granivores; Foraging strategies; Resource partitioning; Size | 1978 |
| 8 |  | Seger, Jon | Solitary wasps: behavior and natural history by Kevin M. O'Neill | Most species of living things are insects, and ter- restrial ecology consists largely of interactions between insects and plants. The biologies of major insect groups such as Hymenoptera should be well documented and well known. Amazingly, they are not. The world is awash in excellent reviews of cur... | Insects; Ecological | 2002 |
| 9 |  | Davidson, Diane W. | Some consequences of diffuse competition in a desert ant community | Exploitative and interference competition are investigated in detail in a community of six coexisting species of granivorous desert ants . A linear model that includes both direct and indirect competitive interactions is used to predict positive or negative correlations in the abundances of com... | Ants; Arizona; California; Coexistence; Communities; Density specialization; Desert granivores; Resource partitioning | 1980 |
| 10 |  | Adler, Frederick R. | Optimization, conflict, and nonoverlapping foraging ranges in ants | An organism's foraging range depends on the behavior of neighbors, the dynamics of resources, and the availability of information. We use a well-studied population of the red harvester ant Pogonomyrmex barbatus to develop and independently parameterize models that include these three factors. The mo... | Colony; Space; Model | 2003 |
| 11 |  | Linton, Matthew J. | Hydraulic conductivity, xylem cavitation, and water potential for succulent leaves of agave deserti and agave tequilana | Axial hydraulic conductivity (Kh) was measured for fresh, dehydrated, and rehydrated leaves of the Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) leaf succulents, Agave deserti and Agave tequilana. Dehydration of leaves at 35(o)C for several hours caused Kh to decrease, with a 50% decrease occurring at a leaf w... | Transpiration; Dehydrated; Drought | 2001 |
| 12 |  | Sperry, John S. | Hydraulic consequences of vessel evolution in angiosperms | We tested two hypotheses for how vessel evolution in angiosperms influenced xylem function. First, the transition to vessels decreased resistance to flow--often considered the driving force for their evolution. Second, the transition to vessels compromised safety from cavitation--a constraint emergi... | Cavitation; Resistivity; Perforation | 2007 |
| 13 |  | Farmer, Colleen G. | Parental care: the key to understanding endothermy and other convergent features in birds and mammals | Birds and mammals share a number of features that are remarkably similar but that have evolved independently. One of these characters, endothermy, has been suggested to have played a cardinal role in avian and mammalian evolution. I hypothesize that it is parental care, rather than endothermy, that ... | Evolution; Metabolism; Convergence | 2000 |
| 14 |  | Rogers, Alan R. | How much can fossils tell us about regional continuity? | Presents a study on the genetic contribution of earlier populations to later populations within regions called regional continuity. Testing for regional continuity with multiple characters; Replacement of archaic population by a population of modern humans. | Human genetics; Fossils; Regional continuity | 2006-06-05 |
| 15 |  | Adler, Frederick R.; Feener, Donald H. | Maintaining diversity in an ant community: modeling, extending, and testing the dominance-discovery trade-off | Ant communities often consist of many species with apparently similar niches. We present a mathematical model of the dominance-discovery trade-off, the trade-off between the abilities to find and to control resources, showing that it can in principle facilitate the coexistence of large numbers of s... | Coexistence; Dominant species; Parasitoid | 2007 |
| 16 |  | Adler, Frederick R. | Information collection and spread by networks of patrolling ants | To study how a social group, such as an ant colony, monitors events occurring throughout its territory, we present a model of a network of patrolling ants engaged in information collection and dissemination. In this network, individuals follow independent paths through a region and can exchange sign... | Patrolling network; ant colony; information-gathering | 1992 |
| 17 |  | Seger, Jon | Natural history and evolution of paper-wasps | Paper-wasps occupy a special place in the history of animal behavior. Temperate species o f Polistes are large, beautiful, intelligent, adaptable, easy to observe, and thoroughly committed to social life. They are also aptly named, being intensely political, in the limited sense that any nonhuman an... | Individuals; Excellent; Phylogeny | 1997 |
| 18 |  | Farmer, Colleen G. | Reproduction: the adaptive significance of endothermy | A central theme raised by Angilletta and Sears is that the energetic cost of endothermy is too enormous to be offset by the benefits that thermogenesis could provide for reproduction. Angilletta and Sears suggest that parents would have been better off producing additional offspring with the energy ... | Parental care; Incubation; Metabolism | 2003 |
| 19 |  | Farmer, Colleen G. | Right-to-left shunt of crocodilians serves digestion | All amniotes except birds and mammals have the ability to shunt blood past the lungs, hut the physiological function of this ability is poorly understood. We studied the role of the shunt in digestion in juvenile American alligators in the following ways. First, we characterized the shunt in fasting... | Postprandial; Alligators; Gastrointestinal | 2008 |
| 20 |  | Adler, Frederick R. | Balance of terror: an alternative mechanism for competitive trade-offs and its implications for invading species | This article uses models to propose an explanation for three observations in community ecology: the apparent overreaction of prey to attack by specialist predators, the existence of a common trade-off among components of competitive ability in communities of unrelated competitors, and the ability of... | Models; Curve; Native | 1999 |
| 21 |  | Torti, Sylvia D.; Coley, Phyllis D.; Kursar, Thomas A. | Causes and consequences of monodominance in tropical lowland forests | Tropical canopy dominance in lowland, well-drained forests by one plant species is a long-standing conundrum in tropical biology. Research now shows that dominance is not the result of one trait or mechanism. We suggest that the striking dominance of Gilbertiodendron dewevrei in the Ituri Forest of ... | Monodominance; Gilbertiodendron dewevrei; Ituri Forest; Understory | 2001 |
| 22 |  | Jorgensen, Erik | Wormwholes: a commentary on K. F. Schaffner's "Genes, behavior, and developmental emergentism | Although Caenorhabditis elegans was chosen and modified to be an organism that would facilitate a reductionist program for neurogenetics, recent research has provided evidence for properties that are emergent from the neurons. While neurogenetic advances have been made using C elegans which may be u... | Organism; Neurons; Genotype | 1998 |
| 23 |  | Shapiro, Michael D. | Limb diversity and digit reduction in reptilian evolution | The study of morphological rules, or trends, offered classical biologists the opportunity to address the mechanisms underlying the evolution of anatomical designs. Regularities in evolution suggested that common functional or developmental rules governed the transformation of structures. Parallelism... | Digit loss; Morphology; Adaptation | 2006 |
| 24 |  | Sperry, John S. | Water transport in vesselless angiosperms: conducting efficiency and cavitation safety | Two structure-function hypotheses were tested for vesselless angiosperm wood. First, vesselless angiosperm wood should have much higher flow resistance than conifer wood because angiosperm tracheids lack low-resistance torus-margo pits. Second, vesselless wood ought to be exceptionally safe from cav... | 2007 | |
| 25 |  | Adler, Frederick R. | Role of heterogeneity in the persistence and prevalence of sin nombre virus in deer mice | Many diseases persist at a relatively low prevalence, seemingly close to extinction. For a chronic disease in a homogeneous population, reducing the transmission rate by a fraction proportional to the prevalence would be sufficient to eradicate the disease. This study examines how higher prevalence ... | Transmission; Survivorship; Seropositivity | 2008 |