Selection of surrogates for jet fuels

Abstract: A. detailed characterisation of JP fuels is provided based on literature data for the average of 55 worldwide and 4 US Jet-A fuels. These are complemented by NMR analysis of a JP-8 that provides the fractions of the carbon in the fuel that are present as protonated, bridgehead, and non-substituted aromatic carbons and the fractions of aliphatic carbons present methyl, methylene, methine, and quaternary structures. A JP-8 fuel for the study was proposed that satisfied the Jet-A average composition as well as the NMR data. The composite results were used to obtain model representations of chemical compositions of a JP-8 that satisfied the constraints imposed by the classes of chemicals, carbon chain lengths, and average number of subs tituents for the US average and the breakdown of carbons determined by NA4R experiments. The results provide a complete characterisation of the nparaffms, iso-paraffins, cyc/o-paraffins, benzenes, tetralins, indans, and napthalenes. The model representations have been used to show how the class distribution of compounds and the side chain subs tituents on both aromatic and aliphatic fractions influence soot formation.