Use of whirlpool tubs for pain relief in active first stage labor: a descriptive study

This prospective, descriptive, exploratory study was undertaken to determine the effects of whirlpool tub use on women's perception of pain during active first stage labor. Other effects of tub use were also examined. The population was 85 women admitted to a birth center where deliveries were conducted by certified nurse-midwives. Pre- and posttub use pain measurements were taken on 46 women using a visual analogue scale. A postpartum questionnaire elicited benefits and problems of whirlpool tub use. Subjects were predominantly Caucasian, married, and high school educated. Mean age was 26 years. A statistically significant difference was found between pain scores before tub entry and 15 minutes after tub entry. Married women perceived significantly less pain than single women. No adverse effects of tub use were found. Progress of first stage labor was facilitated. Other benefits included relaxation and diversion. Research, educational, and clinical implications were discussed and recommendations made.