Walsh & Hoyt: Cerebrovascular Disease: Symptoms and Signs

Topical diagnosis of sites of occlusion or stenosis of extracranial or intracranial arteries is the first step in the management of a patient with presumed cerebrovascular disease. Sudden appearance of focal neurologic signs may indicate cerebrovascular disease, but diagnosis of the vascular disorder that has produced these signs requires knowledge of the anatomic, pathologic, and physiologic factors involved. Carotid arterial system ischemia. Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in the internal carotid artery territory. Occlusive disease of the common carotid artery. Occlusive disease in the internal carotid arterial system. Vertebrobasilar artery system ischemia. Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in the vertebrobasilar arterial territory. Occlusive disease of the vertebrobasilar arterial system. Lacunar infarctions. Aortocranial disease. Combined carotid and vertebrobasilar syndromes. Aortic arch syndromes.