Higher Order Saccadic Dysfunction

Saccades are conjugate eye movements used to rapidly redirect gazeand acquire anew target onto the fovea. Saccades are either reflexive or voluntary (Table 1). Reflexivesaccades are made to the sudden appearance of an unpredictable visual target or auditory stimulus, and include saccades initiated by movement of the observer or movement of the environment (vestibular or optokinetic nystagmus). Voluntary saccades are goal-directed, internally-triggered saccades used to acquire a visual or auditory target, search the surroundings, or look toward the position of a remembered target. Antisaccades are also voluntary.