Practical Telemedicine: Validated Mobile Apps

Since the advent of telehealth, patients and their providers have had access to a wide variety of applications to assist in the neuro-ophthalmic visual exam of which many are smartphone or tablet-based. By the summer of 2020 there were over 270 Android and 170 Apple iOS based ophthalmic apps available, however very few were validated in peer-reviewed literature for clinical use1. Of those that were validated, reproducibility and caveats remain, thus limiting full endorsement on the measures tested. Nevertheless, these tests can qualitatively supplement patient history and provide valuable information to triage patient workups prior to in-person examinations. This syllabus will compile applications that address portions of neuro-ophthalmic examination including their effectiveness, caveats, and validation if any.