Western critic

A short-lived periodical by Karl Schauerman, a graduate student attending the University of Wisconsin who disapproved of World War I. This issue, volume 1, no. 5, includes a condensed version of Senator Works' speech, "Why we are at war," given on July 21, 1917, at the Third American Conference for Democracy and Terms of Peace, arguing that the United States should have remained neutral.

v T\ #7“? T " , i ‘7 - S", wr [V ,.. I)“ (4 Ten Cents a Copy Peace (Piece) D L LIB [118 H9? FIFTH S T,REET T .Cfll . (s1 J m \v KIXRIJESCPIAKJEEQDIAE§ N S L?! L /7’-b H:11; Q A THOM H E12 AIiI) EIDITTOIQ L‘NAUKEE, WIS. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Editorials: l‘nivcrsal Service—The l’sycl1ological Mon1ent.—lle is a “Brier.“ ~— Senator Lewis. Democratic Dry-Nurse. — Documentary Evidence. — The Real Traitors. —- The Growth of an Idea . - - — - ~ Thomas Nast. by Otto W. Grcuhel Two Analogies (O. G.) — . - — - — - ~ » , - - - » . . THE - » Why We Are At War. A condensation of Senator kas' Speech Pepsin Pellets - The One Remedy ~ COPYRIGHT 1917 by Karl Sr/muerm any; By ‘ KARL SCHAUERMANN 1197--5I}7 SI. Tel.Linra/n1286 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Do not despair— but prepare. .3 UBSCRIPTION TERMS .51. 00 a Year 10 (I; a Copy Application for second class mailing privilege pending. VOL. 1 MILWAUKEE, WlS., SEPTEMBER. 1917 NO. 5 Glasses adjusted correctly in all difficult cases. UNIVERSAL SERVICE. A. REINHARD, EARING LICENSED OPTOMETRIST. 460 E. Water Street MIL WA UKEE, WIS. WHEN PASSING THROUGH fished aheatre Beginning with the next issue the OKAUCHEE President’s ports, was introduced in both houses STOP AT JAECKLE’S HOTEL LOCATED AT ICE HOUSE BAY Official Schedule of Performances Everything good to drink and eat. Schlitz beer. for the Month We Grind our own Lenses PHONE 988-1 5. will be published regularly in this corner. A convenient reference in case of doubt. A chronicle at the end of a memorable season. Repair Work Done Promptly W CHAS. NAFFZ The Pabst Theatre Cafe OPTICIAN FINE LUNCH SERVED the stamp of approval and Secretary McAdoo’s plea that it be made law in justice to America’s fighting men and their families, the long expected war compensation indemnity and insurance bill, so the Press re- GLASSES FITTED (81 GUARANTEED of Congress August 10 The bill is all right as far as it goes. But why should its provisions be made applicable to “fighting” men to soldiers only? We recollect that when the debate over conscription was hottest, those in favor of the bill pointed out the fair« ness and justice of the draft in that it applied to poor and rich alike, that it meant Madison, Wis. workers behind the cessful conduct of the war as the soldiers in the trenches. Now, will a workingman who loses an arm, a leg, or both arms and legs A SAFE BET. It would be foolish to say that this (Plea-c mention The Western Critic) be in the line of insurance and compensa tion accorded the soldiers. Old age pension, accident—and ill- lines were as necessary for the suc- 109 King St., lines ness insurance for the workingmen, the conscription of the employer as well as the employee must come be« fore the principle of Universal Service has any semblance of realization. And let’s hope that the recognition and adoption of that principle in time of war will lead to its widest and permanent application in the near time of peace. For it is, after all, peace that our Nation is preparing and fight- the and the that that Service behind even those to be exempted under certain provisions—ammunition workers, farm helps, in fact all workingmen who could not be spared in the industries of the country—were to be considered as parts of the fighting ma- chine, Universal while on duty given a government pension"? If he should lose his life, will his depenc ents be provided for by the government? No And why not? Because the government can not take over responsibilities which belong to the individual employer? We insist that it can. It is practically commandeering all the important industries of the country right now, and if it can not place all the workingmen of the country on the government pay roll it can see to it that the individual employer guarantees to his workers the same privileges war will be the last, —~ but one may ing for. safely prophecy that it will be the last to be declared and waged without the consent of the people. THE WESTERN CRITIC. TIIl-I WESTERN (‘l-‘ITIC. Mr. Baer is not a pacifist. He comes, as Mr. Norton tells us, from THE PSYCHOLOGICAL MOMENT. a long talking With the accession of the Pope to the world-wide movement for peace it, looks as if the end of the war were finally in sight. He has been described by Karl von Wiegand as waiting for the “psychological moment," and since he is known to be an accom- plished student of statecraft and diplomacy. it behooves blood-crazed humanity to stop for a moment and ask itself. “Why might the Pope think that the psychological moment had come?" The Papal message came as a climax in a series of peace movements. In America. close upon the heels of Senator Works' expose. Senator La Follette brought up his “peace terms" resolutions. while Representative Baer. newly elected to the House by a great majority. voiced the nnmistakle opinion of the people of the Middle West. In Russia. France. Germany. Austria, and Italy murmurings for peace continued audibly to penetrate the veil ol‘ the various censorships. In England, final- ly. there came the defection of the Labor Party from Lloyd George's ministry. and the spectacular resignation of Mr, Henderson. So the Pope must have thought that “now or never" was the time to throw his moral force into the balance. The fact that a great section of the American l’ress was ready. one hour after transmission of the news. to hint that the Pope might be a tool of “German intrigue" was merely another confirmation of the complete moral and intellectual bankruptcy of that Press. Peace is on the march. She is smilingly treading under foot the vipers that beset her path. Encouraged by the glad shouts of the multitudes. she is leading humanity up from the dark valley of blood and thru its candidate over the combined efforts of both Democratic and Republican machines? That these machines are worn out and no longer wanted by the people. No other explanation can be given of the victory which the youngest Congressman, John M. Baer front of the battle and gave the fullest meas- ure of his support to the plans of President Lincoln. His brother saC< rificed his life for his country as a soldier in the Spanisermerican war. in his and He believes, as do the thousands who con~ gratulate him upon his entering the duties as Representative of the people of North Dakota, in the policy “America First.” On that platform he was elected, and on that platform will have to stand the men who expect to go to Congress in the future. SENATOR LEWIS, DEMOCRATIC DRY-NURSE. Senator Lewis, whom the newspa. pers insist in calling the Democratic whip, lately begins to assume the more genial part of a Democratic drynurse. On the heel of his peace speech comes his announcement that we are going to send our soldiers to Russia and Italy. Just think of it, sending our inexperienced soldiers to join hands with consistent with the intelligence and the political shrewdness which we do not hesitate in attributing to Mr. Lewis: That his talk of sending troops to Russia and his bid to the pacifists in this country alike are nothing but pacifiers stuffed into the mouths of hungry and crying babies. If peace should come tomorrow, or when election time comes round, the pacifier, by a slight of hand trick, will be replaced by a brimful milk bottle, labeled “Democratic party” or “He got us out of war”, and the American baby who has been crying for peace will be told: You foolish baby, what have you been crying about? Haven’t you been sucking is about as headless as the assertion American baby will be big enough to demand that we are going to build ships faster than Germany can make torpedoes. There can be only one explanation, talk and take care of itself. the that peace. National our In government our make specific declaration of its terms of peace, so that we as a people may know that the ideal for which we war milk all the time? We hope that by that time the May God grant the Russians strength and Wis- dam to do likewise. is an expression of true Americanism. “To continue war when the peoples “says the German people at war are as peace loving as ourselves. and that we are devoted to the pursuits of peace. Then why the millions of American manhood sacrificed upon the bloody field of war? “Even now the German people are demanding of their government that it declare specifically the terms upon in advocated league stands without reserve upon a it will make of the nations engaged are at agreement is an international crime. “But while we are fighting to de- “The President," Mr. Baer said on the day he took the oath of office. rifle himself Nonpartisan which country platform of the youngest party repre‘ sented in Congress. Mr. Baer, as his day in Congress. is not a pacifist. But we beg to quote Mr. Baer’s own words in opposition to Mr, Norton‘s assertion that Mr. Baer had not been elect— ed on any platform in opposition to the present war. his Baer campaign nothing un-American nothing disloyal or unpatriotic. soldiers going to live in starving Russia if they really should succeed in getting to the Eastern front? Will they share the ammunition and food which Russia hasn’t got? If there is anything giving aid and comfort to the enemy it is such talk as that advanced by Mr. Lewis, which of North Dakota. has achieved on the colleague Mr. Norton stated the other father carried than His the untrained and unmobilized millions of Russia! On what are our HE IS A “BAER” AND HAILS FROM WISCONSIN. What does it mean if a party hard» ly three years old succeeds in pulling line of fighting rather patriotic Americans. Mr. 3 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE. The slogan “War for Democracy" America will become a vassalage to stroy German imperialism, shall we fight to support British imperialism? is slowly wearing out. The war party Prussia, and Attila II. will make Bos- recognizes war Already, as a result of the war, England holds in Africa a million square brought ton or Milwaukee his summer quar< ters. Most likely Milwaukee. for var- they must be made to understand that ious reasons. miles of territory. the safety of America is involved in the struggle going on across the pond. Hence the bugaboo of a German invasion is held up as a means to create a war spirit. If the people can We are under obligation to Attor< ney Gross for pointing out to us a paragraph from a booklet the authority of which ought not to be ques« tioned by the believers in the infallibility of our administration. We quote: “A first task to understanding is to graSp the utter falsity of much that After an imperial council had been held recently by the British and colonial governments of the British empire. the premier stated to the world that Great Britain would not relinquish its hold upon this ter< ritory. that nearer the home to must the be people, not be reasoned into the war. they must be frightened into it. “President Wilson says we are in accord with the aims of our allies and that their aims are in accord with If we don’t invade Germany. the Germans, or the Huns as they generally are called now, will invade America; and then good night to the has been said and written. Even while ours. Liberty turning out their lurid tales of in- If that be true. then are we not fighting for imperialism and not for democracy?” of the American people. the “ready-to-serve" writers were THH H‘I'JS'I'I‘IR N CRITI U. THE WESTERN CRITIC. vasion and conquest. General Eras» mus Weaver. head of the coast artillery. was testifying before a congres- complete urh‘qzmeu would be secured: that the hustericdl assumption that our seaboard was open to may con. navies and armies. tlte landing force never get beyond the range of the guns of the ships. It is also well to remember that it required thirtytltree days for England to more thirty-three thousand unequippetl troops between Qllt-ht’C and Southampton. al~ though the journey was between friendly ports.” (fan anybody imagine our surprise and astonishment when finding the quest was mere fit/"rape. author of this statement, assuring the sional committee to this effect: that 710 fortifications in the Irhoh‘ u‘orhl compared fot'ordbijl zrith the roost (Zeft'r'hsr‘s of the l‘nt‘ted States: that with an additional eleven thousand men. “At the same time, also, the Allies were abandoning the Gallipoli attack. beating a retreat that in itself was a confession of ghastly failure. The ago. ments managed to pass the resolution ing example, all the lovers of liberal ideas the world over will be hoping for a continuance of governmental obstinacy and suppression in all the warring countries. The greater the sup pression, the greater the final reac- by a majority of over 900,000. the introduction of the book written by no other than Neu‘ton D. Secretary of War. The title possessed of any naval aid whatsoever. yet after a year of incessant effort. book is “Wilson and The Issues.” date of publication September. Century Press. Baker. of the 1915. The As a result, the position of Lloyd George as cabinet leader was endangered. And it all came about through the policy of suppression inaugurated six months After this latest and most strik- tion, and the final gain for liberalism. THOMAS NAST. American public of perfect security against invasion. to be no other than Georg/e (WWI. the present publicity agent of the government and to see Turks had no such fortifications as ours. no such guns. nor were they during which the Allies concentrated unimportant and unrepresentative ele- By Otto Washington Greubel. T HE 27th of this month is the seventy-seventh anniversary of Thomas Nast, America’s first and greatest cartoonist. Originator of the Elephant, the Donkey and the Tiger as symbols for the Republican, Democratic, and Tammany organizations, he lives in When the modern cartoonist feels the heavy leaden touch of despair, and the ideas fail to come, he goes back to the pages of the old Harper’s Weekly, plunges into this well of inspiration and emerges with one of Nast’s cartoons. This he revamps, THE REAL TRAITORS. At a meeting of the People's Council of Milwaukee one of the speakers up» braided the militaristic press for giv— ing aid and comfort to the enemy by casting aspersions on the loyalty of so many millions of American citizens. The newspapers that manufacture fake prosecutions for treason and grow hysterical about one bogus plot after the other. are being read in hostile nations. and the false impressions they give, of our citizenry do more to hearten the enemy than all the agita~ tion for free speech and free assembly. The truth is that most of these papers eare far less about the war than they do about politics. It is a part of their political game to blacken the reputa— tion of an opponent and to intimidate his supporters by raising the cry of. treason. Think for a moment of the impression we would receive, were the German press to fill its pages with accusations of disloyalty and treason against millions of Germans! Would we not be encouraged and heartened by the news? The militaristic press had better dry up on this topic. They will never intimidate the friends of Bob La Follette with their insinua» tions. Every new attack increases the hosts of admirers who will vote for him, no matter what office he may aspire to. THE GROWTH OF AN IDEA. Six months ago sixty-six prominent British periodicals had their foreign circulation suppressed by the government because they had taken up the idea of “peace without victory.” Among these was The London Nation, one of the world's greatest liberal journals. Suppression inaugurated a period of phenomenal growth for the suppressed idea. Everybody except government otl’icials knows that in the case of ideas. nothing breeds success like sup- pression. Speakers on street corners took up the cry and were mobbed by gangs of rowdies. Meetings were held in halls and were dispersed scenes of violence. Then famous peace meeting at mous because so many amid came the Leeds, fa- militaristic papers took such great pains to prove how “unimportant and unrepresenta- tive” it was. That was followed by 3 resolution of the British Labor Party to send delegates to the Stockholm “peace without victory” meeting. The “Who stole the people's money? almost every cartoon that is published. But the man whom Lincoln. Grant, Mark Twain delighted to honor as their guest, the critic whose broadsidcs shattered the careers of hosts of political crooks and swindlers. the patriot whose faithful service won support for the, cause of his country he is all but forgotten today. ’1 was him." and relabels and presents it as a new draft for applause at the bank of public opinion, and Thomas Nast, the pilfered genius, receives no credit from an ungrateful world which chooses to remember only its military and political heroes. His was a career full of adventure. Sporting cartoonist at prize fights in England. soldier in the army of Gari- TIIH lVESTERN CRITIC. 6 THE W'ESTERN CRITIC. baldi in the fight for Italy‘s liberation. patriotic supporter of Lincoln and Grant. reformer in a battle against monstrous corruption. lecturer and platfroni humorist in the palniy days. of Mark Twain and Bill Nye, and ficials and contract swindlers grew more insistent day by day and the gang finally broke up. with most of them ending in jail. finally consul of the United States in Ecuador. he lost his life through fever contracted while in the service of his country. done the best work for America he answered, “Thomas Nast. He did as much any as man preserve to This he did by his cartoons in Harper‘s that carried messages of cheer cotA and patriotism to the humblest Thousands of tages in the prairie. recruits were won for the northern Thomas Nast was one of the greatest fighters for truth and decency known in American history. He it was who took up the cudgel single handed against the Tweed Ring. the On the eve of the Franco-German Paris war of 1870/71, the streets of s were alive with newspaper reader devouring the headlines that called Crowds gathered and re» for war. al peated the phrases about nation — honor, insults, bloody reparation, an and there grew on the boulevards a half million bribe with the sneer: “I made up my mind not long ago to put some of those fellows behind the bars. and I am {TOi/lfl to do it." irresistible clamor for war. Paris was He did it at the peril of his life. His cartoons roused the public conscience and prodded the police into on fire, — while France was cool, President Cleveland closes the door against office seekers. The most famous of the series of was hustled into a declaration of war. Few brave souls have dared resist the Among them was the tide of passion. the buck from one to the other. ties to listen to the calmer voice of This East had a keen eye for European politics. His cartoons in Harper‘s Weekly represent a critical commentary on world events that no historian can afford to neglect. It is of interest to know that he applied the slogan “Might Makes Right" to England‘s colonial adventures in Egypt and As1a, and showed a picture of a rotund British lion grown fat upon. small nations. The lines under the accom— panying cartoon run thus: “L'DOD what meat doth this our Cesar feed. that he game, is grown blackbirds.” so great?”—“Sinall The blackbirds were the small nations, Egypt, Zululand, Afghanistan. A word should be said for the ferreiit Aiiiericanism of Nast. Tho Gerbut They couldn‘t stop Nast; the pictures of the big bearded looter of the people with his gang of dishonest of- But the warlike capital impressed it its spirit on the legislature, # and Tweed pictures is the one entitled. ‘fWho stole the people’s money?” showing the Tammany ring as they pass picture has been utilized by cartoonists in ridiculing the way the locked nations are today throwing the blame upon their neighbors. iiiy constituents can‘t read: damn it, they can see pictures.“ The suburbs didn't know what the hubbub was about. action. Boss Tweed. the looters‘ chief. ”Might Make: Right.” by the simple patriotism of Nast’s cartoons. And now that Nast's name is fading from memory his work is a treasure trone for pilfering cartoonists. They are lifting copies bodily from the old volumes of Harper’s. May they at least possess the decency to give due credit to the master genius whose spirit supports them. TWO ANALOGIES. gang that stole four hundred millions from the New York treasury. He it was who answered a banker's offer of cried out in despair: “Let's stop them damned pictures. I don't care so much what the papers write about me the {Mon and bring the war to an end.” cause man born, (Landau, Bavaria) he kept his eyes ever firmly fixed on the standard of America, and served her as a devoted son. When General Grant was asked what man in civil life had venerable white implored France. haired Thiers. crowd the hissing But, in vain. of He depu- The inspired jingoes blundered into a war that the people did not want, while Thiers. who knew the real soul of France was hissed as a traitor. followed. disaster upon Disaster Bitter disappointment brought grave and reflective thought in their train. The crowds of war shouters. the jingoistic editors, faded from View, and there stood once more before them the figure 01' that courageous man who had loved France better than his He who once braved own reputation. the hisses of his countrymen to preserve their peace, was now acclaimed the idol of France and he became the first president Republic. of the new French When the Government of the United l Sates was controlled by the Federa Party, it made one mistake which to (lashed it from the heights of power absolute destruction. This mistake was the passage of the “Alien and the Sedition Acts," which removed free of guarantees constitutional speech. These acts were administered ion with deadly results for the opposit Petty ofi‘icials, invested with Press. sword of draconic powers, wielded the petty destruction as viciously as only officials know how to wield it. But peowhen the next election came. the from ple snatched that same sword s. and the puny hands of its wielder Party. cut off the head of the Federal and It never survived the operation, ered toits funeral ought to be rememb s who day by the hosts of petty ofi‘icial Party to are hustling the Democratic the political grave yard. 0. (1'. THE WESTERN CRITIC. TIIE TVESTERN CRITIC. under the humiliating outcome of the previous war with Germany, was will- WHY WE ARE AT WAR. ing, with the help of the powerful allies she had secured, to venture an- (The following is a condensation of FIX-Senator Works' extensive speech, delivered at the Third American Conference for Democracy and Terms of Peace, Los Angeles. July 21. In its abbreviated form. it will prove a ready reference for the man who wants a matter-of-fact presentation issue.) Beiore entering upon a discussion of the question why we are in this war. let me in a brief way consider why and how our allies. whose cause we have made our own. entered into the war, and what for. If they are fighting for selfish purposes and not for world-wide democracy. we, if that is our cause for war. are fighting alone as much as if the United States and Germany only were at war and our allies will not insist upon male ing peace on the idealistic basis upon which we. if we are true to our purpose. must insist. June 28. 1914, Archduke of the war Russia was seeking an outlet to the was the only republic involved. As to every other nation it was a war between crowned heads. and democracy had nothing to do with it. 3}! But why did =6: It: Great Britain enter the war. and what for? It was generally believed that it was because Germany had made war on Belgium and England felt herself bound by treaty to protect the neutrality of that country that has suffered so grieviously from the war. But this was not England's reason for declaring war. She was made to under- Francis stand before she declared war on Ger- Ferdinand of Austria was murdered in Sarajevo in the province of Bosnia. July 23. Austria made impossible and humiliating demands on Servia many that she could protect Belgium by staying out of the war. Indeed it is reasonably certain that England could have saved Belgium from rain lu/ remaining neutral and that by insisting upon taking part in the war and threatened immediate invasion of that country if a favorable answer was not received by 6 o'clock July 27>. July 24. Servia answered making nearly all of the concessions demandcd of her. July 28. Austria declared war on Servia. and Russia commenced the massing of her military forces on the western border. July I‘M. Germany demanded that Russia cease the mobilization of her army within 24 hours or Germanv would mobilize, Aug. 1. Germany dd clared war on Russia. ' Aug. 2. Germany invaded Luxembnrg. thus violating neutrality, and menaCed Belgium. Aug, 4. claiming to be urged thereto by Germany male mg war on liclgiumdflngland declared war on the Teutonic alliance and definitely bound herself to the support of Belgium and France. Aug. 10. France declared the exist('llt't' of a state of war between France and Austria. Aug, 12. England declared a state of war between England and Austria. Aug. 23;. Japan declared war on Ger- many. Thus was the issue of the war made up, let it he noted that both lrea! Britain and France came into the war ot‘ thl tr own \oluntary acts. France she sealed the fate of that unfortunate country. Mr. Works cites as proof of his assertion a letter passing between Sir Edward Grey and Sir E. Goschen. British ambassador at Berlin, dated August 1, 1914, according to which the German ambassador had asked for the formulation of conditions on which England could remain neutral and promised not to violate Belgium's neutrality if England would remain neutral. To this Sir other war with her long time enemy against whom she was full of hatred and hope of revenge. to punish Germany and regain Alsace-Lorraine. Edward Grey sea and the extension of her empire in the orient. One of the vital purposes of Germany was to defend the Teutonic civilization of continental strued as a preference of one party to the struggle before another. “My thought is of America.” to Turning to the President’s message Congress. delivered Dec. 8, 1914, Mr. Works shows that the President did not abandon his patriotic purpose to keep us out of war for a long time after; that, in fact, President Wilson was re-elected on the strength of the argument: He kept its out of war! The first intimation that we might be called upon to go to war, Mr. Works finds in the President's ad- Europe against the oriental Slavic quasi-civilization on the one hand and the decaying Latin civilization on the other. Thus, Germany and Russia President came in direct conflict because Rus- Germany’s submarine campaign. sia’s striving as Mr. Works insists, that was more to unite the Slavs in the German em- than two years after the beginning of the war in Europe and a year and pan—Slavic policy was dress accepting the nomination for reelection, Sept. 2, 1916, in which Wilson takes issue with But. pire, the AustroHungarian empire, and the Turkish empire under the sway of Russia. four months after the Lusitania was In this condition Great Britain, France and Russia formed an alliance hundred American lives. which proved to be an offensive one against the triple alliance of Germany. Austria-Hungary, and Italy. Out of this hostile alliance of one group of nations against another came this world war. In the beginning Germany’s warlike preparations were directed against Russia alone. She ap~ pealcd to both England and France to remain neutral. But England had her commercial interests to protect and France her revenge to gratify and territory to regain, and these two great nations were willing to join Russia, then a despotic imperial government. and advance her claims and pretensions to which they should have been opposed, in order to gain their own selfish and malicious ends. the people of this nation. And now who have sunk, entailing the loss of over a What did we go to war about? Let me tell you. It was not because Germany had taken the lines of American citizens. but because she threatened to take the lives of other of our citizens if found traveling on ships entering the war zone declared by Ger- many in her attempt to blockade the ports of her enemy, England, who already blockaded German ports was trying thereby to starve the man people into submission. One wonders why we are not at had and Gerwar with Great Britain as well as Germany and fighting against both nations. for our rights On the contra- ry, we are now an ally of England and helping to maintain the blockade that our country denounced as “ineffective. illegal and indefensible.” in- tended to starve the women and chil- answered, “I feel obliged to refuse definitely (1211/ promise to remain neutral on similar terms. and I can only no interest in these conflicting and dren of Germany. selfish claims, are asked to “pour out of war. their blood and treasure” in this un— say that free." holy war on the hollow pretense that by so doing they are defending democracy. I undertake to say that the threatened enforcement, of this blockade by Germany (decreed Feb. 4. 1915. and to go into effect Feb. 18 of that year). which might or might not result in we must keep our hands And again. quoting Mr. Works: 1 can speak only in a very general way of the motives and interests that brought the great nations of Europe into the war. England. dent's through Edward Grey, had declared. before that country had declared war. that it would intervene whenever British to be involved. Fix-Senator Works, then, traces the. development of President Wilson‘s war policy beginning with the Presi- interests appeared England's chief in- terest was to hold the commercial supremacy of the seas which was faSt slipping away from her and into the hands of Germany. France, smartingr Neutrality-Proclamation of August 20, 1914, the gist of which is contained in the closing words: “The United States must be neutral in fact as well as in name during these days that are to try men’s souls. We must be impartial in thought as well as in action. must put a curb upon our sentiments as well as upon every transaction that might be con- Such are the fruits the loss of American lives but would Surely interfere with the trade of 'll,‘(ll‘ materials out of which the great corporations of this country have ill/[{Zt' enormous profits running up into billions of dollars, is the only cause for this country being plunged into the European war for which we are asked to “pour out blood and treastire." The first definite announcement, Mr. Works points out, that diplomatic 10 TH]? IVESTI-IRN CRITIC. THE IVIJSTERN CRITIC. empire ernment declared that if it did not would be severed. came from Wash- do this thing "the government of the ington after the sinking of the channel passenger steamer Sussex. March United States can have no choice but. relations with the German 24. 1916. “On April IS our Government addressed a note to the imperial German government in which it was said. amongst other things: “Unless the imperial government should not immediately declare and effect an abandonment of its present methods of submarine warfare against passenger and freight-carrying vessels. the government of the to sever diplomatic relations with the German empire altogether." United States can have no choice but No other complaint mm mo'll' to (ir‘rmdny and no other Cause or reason given for the intention to sever diplomatic relations between the two governments. There was no intimation of any intention to engage our country in this horrible war for (hr~ defense of Ilcnzocrru‘i/ or any other reason. The people were made to understand that our only purpose was to protect American rights. to sever diplomatic relations with the German empire altogether.“ To this Germany replied in effect But the president was not s died with the defense 01' our own rights on the high seas. He was no longer ncu- that the United States could not ex- tral. if he ever had been. pect Germany. forced to fight for her joining the allies and making the fearful devastating war our war. He says in his war message to Congress. April 2. 1917: existence. to restrict the use of an effective weapon if her enemy was permitted to continue to apply at will methods of warfare violating the rules of international law. To this our government. on May S. responded that “. .it can not for a mo» ment entertain. much less discuss. a suggestion that respect by German naval authorities for the rights of citizens of the United States upon the high seas should in any way or in the slightest degree he made contingent upon the conduct of (my other gown:with! affecting the rights of neutrals and noncombatants. Responsibility in such matters is single. not joint; absolute. not relative.“ To this Germany made no reply. but later on Jan. 1. 1917. sent the note which led to the severance of diplomatic relations by our government. February 3. 1917. In that note. Senator Works shows. Germany insists that the renewal of the submarine campaign was forced upon her by "thw wntrntw ulliws‘ ln‘uiol mvthods of Il'lll'” and that she. fighting for her existence. was merely applying the same methods which the allies used against her. In President Wilson‘s message to Congress. Feb. 3. 1917. announcing the severance of diplomatic relations between the United States and the German empire. the reasons for our doing so are stated in clear and unequivocal terms. lt was because Germany did not as the president demanded “declare and effect an abandonment of its present methods of submarine warfare against passenger and freight-carrying vessels" It was for this cause our gov- He was for “What this will involve is clear. It will involve the utmost practicable co—operation in counsel and action with the governments new at war with Germany, and. as incident to that. the extension to these govern- ments of the most liberal financial credits. in order that our resources may so far as possible be added to theirs." And now for the first time he takes had destroy true democracy in our country than any power in Europe or any- It has not been my purpose to iiidulge in captions or unreasonable criticisms of public officials or to question their motives. I have tried to lay before you, and such of the people of our common country as may have the inclination and opportunity to hear or read what I say. a plain thing that can come out of this war. son for rc-election because ”kept us out of war!" and unvarnished statement he of the controversy beyond showing facts. just why we are in this war and what for. Having done this, I am going to take the liberty of pointing out to you, in conclusion, what I think the American people, whose government this is. should do in this emergency. They should stand firmly and conscientiously for: FIRST: The prompt and unconditional repeal of the conscription law by which unwilling citizens are forced into the army. SECOND: The recall of our THIRD: For our army for the defense of our coun- FIFTH: The bringing about of an early and honorable peace with Ger‘ many on such terms as will protect our own rights and our own democracy at home without regard to other to maintain its neutrality and be at peace with all the world. and what a crushing disappointment to the good Dt‘Ople who supported Woodrow Wil- ducers of the necessaries of life and speculators who are responsible for present conditions. TWELFTH: The protection of our own people from food shortage or want by reserving sufficient for their reasonable needs before supplying the peoples of foreign countries. And may God in his mercy guide this great nation aright in this time. of extreme trial and tribulation. NO WAR SHOUTER. BUT PATRIOT. In connection with Senator Lewis’ justice in the life of the world as against selfish and autocratic power outcome of the efforts of this country the “peace—speech,” of which more is said on another page, Senator Phelan took tion. What a melancholy. what a hideous of a volunteer army to “Our object now. as then. is to vin— dicate the principles of peace and pean nations. Reduction defend us at home against the results of our folly in entering a foreign war “with which we have nothing to do, whose causes can not touch us.” as the president has truly said. FOURTH: The vigorous support of war. Here we have the declared intention of entangling our country with foreign nations taking part in European politics and making this country a party to a war in which it has no concern. brought about by selfish iiiterests and waged for selfish gain. and to satisfy the hatred and desire for revenge upon each other by Euro» ELEVENTH: high cost of living for the working people. and the poor. through proper regulation. and the vigorous prosecution and swift punishment of the pro— diers from Europe. try and the maintenance of its democratic principles and against an ag» gressive war against any foreign na- and to set up amongst the really free and self-governed peoples of the world such a concert of purpose and of action as will henceforth ensure the observance of those principles.” TENTH: Freedom of speech and of the press, the bulwark of liberty and independence. sol.- broader ground in stating the object, not the reason or cause. for going to He says: ll countries, SIXTH: If, in spite of our efforts. occasion to take awhack at Ex-Senator Works” sincerity characterized and Mr. loyalty: Works as he a con- temptible and cowardly pacifist whose ideal of America was a ‘pusillanimous and helpless thing.’ Mr. Phelan received a prompt and most fitting rebuke at: the hands of Senators Johnson and Mr. Johnson: Mr. President. there Borah. Said are very few of the views of John D. Works with which fewer he is thing I am in sympathy. There are still of my views with which in sympathy. but there is one that ought to be, said: the war must go on. then the vigorous support of our government in the war. and the generous care and support of When this nation was in danger, when the call came from the. Presi< dent of the United States for volun- our soldiers in the field of war where- teers in 1861, John D. Works shouldered (1 musket. and. 7'71 the old uniform of blue. he fought thrit that Mr for the preservation of thv I'nitwl States of America." ever they may be. SEVENTH: The speedy severance of all alliances with foreign nations. EIGHTH: The support of democratic principles the world over by a A rebuke to which Mr. Phelan could am very glad the, friendly advice and support and by a merely answer: righteous by.war. Senator has reminded me of that." NINTH: A vigorous opposition in every legitimate way to privilege and class distinction. and for equality of every kind, under the law. and the settled with this acknowledgment he Senator got Up mistaken. was Borah: example. but not destruction in this country. of autocracy or aristocracy of any kind and especially the autocracy and aristocracy of wealth that is doing more to If he thought “If the I that the matter Senator will pardon was me a moment. Mr. President. like the Senator from California (Mr. Johnson). I am not in entire harmony with some 12 THE WESTERN CRITIF'. of the views of ex-Senator Works. and with some of his views I am quite out of harmony. But during the time that eX-Senator Works was in this ’I'III'} IVESTERN CRITIC. musket and went to fight for the flay]. We may be wholly in disagreement with him, as I am, in regard to the views which he entertains with refer ence to war under the circumstances which confronted us at the time war Chamber as a representative of his State I regarded him as one of the most sincere. one of the most conscientious. and one of the most courageous men in the Senate. and I have . former Senator John tribute of my sincere respect. no doubt but that when he wrote this wish that all men were at all times article he zrrote it from motires quite (IS patriotic (IS the motires which (It‘- in as tzottrd him when he shouldered hi9 was declared. Nevertheless I pay to D. Works the and their public service actuated high and courageous motives I by as those which actuate John D. Works." PEPSIN PELLETS. To diszigrw irith the gal-eminent is not to conspire against the governmen. A conspiracy to thwart the draft law is plainly criminal and should be punished. A criticism of the law. a disagreement with its principle' is the right of any American (iti . The distinction between treason lti criticism should be clear by this :llIIE’.—*Tlle Boston Journal. “Our“ allies are not our allies at all. The (‘onstitution of the United States stands between the Anglop hile papers and the darling wish of their llta’el‘ls. The Sinate must confirm all alliances m and it has not done so, as far as we know. Therefore all the poopiw who wish to observe the facts will refrain from speaking of our llllll'~’* The Western (‘ritic “Mr. Hoover wins his fight, but is there really room in Washington for two dictators?" — Boston Evening Transcript, August 9th, 1917. You, too. Brutus? on. intuit States is :11 win." ’ l1; oar-h state a prize of $150 will be paid in the best guess. and n priiio of $7.? for the second best guess. We t‘lill it a guessing contest be (‘auw it is evident to any sane person that it lllvi‘t‘ were any general understninlinLv its to why the nation is at war lllll‘t' would be no occasi on for such a contest. It is just because Illusl ot' tht people are not able to discer n any good reason for our being at war that such a contest is plonn-vil ’jfll‘l’ wuukve Louder. work hand in hand with them last cause “he kept us out of war," have, in every instance, decided against him since he has lead us into the war. Not so much on account of this itself as mainly on account of the method and year in the campaign against President Wilson. They are certainly no more un-Atnerican now than they were. then, when (.101. Roosevelt was in political partnership with them,— New York World, August 12, 1917. Planting potatoes in the Sahara and boosting Theodore Itoosvvr-lt in VVisv cousin are equally sensible and remunerative occupations. And yet an officious league of municipalities is inviting America’s champion demagogue and egotist to Wisconsin in the obsti- the First nate endeavor to cram him down our throats. Racine is elected to be the New Hampshire was twice as large as that of his deceased predecessor. In stage for this performance. We hope that his cotcrie of backers is prepared for great disappointments. Wisconsin simply cannot stomach him. North Dakota John M. Baer, candidate of the new “National Non-Parti- the extent of our participation in the war. In the Sixth District of Ind' ‘. the Republican candidate, R. N. Elliot, defeated his Democratic opponent, Finlay H. Gray, by a majority three times as great as that by which the deceased Republican representative had been elected, despite an urgent letter of the President to the campaign conductors. The majority of the Republican, John Burroughs, in Congressional District of san League” with pronounced proclivities against the scope of the war. won with a handsome majority over both the old parties—Illinois Staats Ztg. When the Reverend William Sunday was conducting meetings in Toledo, Ohio, he denounced all evolutionists as Generally speaking, it may be said that our capitalists pay men of ability very highly to devote their ability to the service of capitalism: and the mo ment society begins to outgrow the capitalistic system, it is no longer per- “stinking skunks” and Dr. Wallace, then pastor of the First Congregational Church in Toledo, demonstrated with him privately in a. friendly way. The next day, in the presence of the missible to assume whole audience, the Reverend William Sunday turned to Dr. Wallace, who that ability de- voted to the service of capitalism is serviceable to society, or, indeed, that ability which can only flourish in that way is. from the social point of view, ability at all—George Bernard Shaw. sat near him on the platform, shook his fist yelled: in Dr. Wallace’s face and “Stand up there, you bastard Evolu- tionist! Stand up with the atheist and the infidel and the whoremongers and In response to a letter by Representative Dyer to the effect that officials had discharged from federal employ» ment without hearing and simply on statements or affidavits, citizens of German blood in St, Louis, and that government officials there had insulted some of the best people in the city, simply because of their German forefathers, President Wilson the following: “Your letters have struck sponsive chord in my mind. wrote a I re» have been made aware from various sources the adulterers, and go to hell.” “The most important need of his work in the legislature during the of the unfortunate position in which a large number of our loyal fellow citizens are placed because of their German origin or affiliations. “I am sure that they need no further assurance from me of my confidence in the entire integrity and loyalty of the great body of our citizens of Ger- two sessions of his term. man blood. the day is the stimulation of a militant ’l‘h» national board for histor ical Sl'l'\lir‘ is conducting a prize (TOI‘ilI H’tI Iion for trui'hors on the subject. “Whv Altho (Jot. Itoosr’in’lt is now clamoring for the suppression of the, German newspapers he was glad enough to 13 patriotism. a deep and powerful na. tional emotion which shall carry our effort forward to the earliest victory. *The government is spending hundreds of millions on war preparation. lloth national and state governments should set apart money for this phase of war preparation. the (-mztion of on arouse/l patriotism.“ According to The (‘hicago Tribune. the source of the above editorial. we are the most un— patriotic nation in the world. It thinks we ought to tax ourselves to buy patriotism. From American Turner, July 1, 1917. Senator William M. Bray, Oshkosh, has set a precedent in making a formal report to describes bills and his constituents of The report important amend- ments of which he was the author. states their disposition, and gives a summary of his vote on important measures. If we analyze the elections which There is nothing wrong with the people of this nation. It The Tribune feels that the national spirit differs from its interpretation of patriotism. it should know better than to insult a whole nation because of it. have taken place since last November and especially since the beginning of the war, the only conclusion we can establish is the fact that the same Deople who elected Woodrow Wilson President of the United States, be- “You know that not once, but many times in my public addresses 1 have expressed this confidence. I do not like to make another occasion to express it, simply because it would seem to indicate on my part a doubt as to whether the country had believed my previous assurances to be sincere. May I now very respectively suggest that. it would be easy to make use of the passages I have referred to from my former addresses to do something, I hope not a little, to offset the evil in- fluences that are at work.” 14 THE WESTERN CRITIC THE WESTERN CRITIC. United States District Attorney Albert C‘. Wolfe, according to The Jour- nal. announced that he had started a campaign to indict and bring to trial under the espionage law all persons making remarks such as “We are fighting for England." and similar ut- terances. calculated to undermine the morale of the troops. He announced that he would ask the court to make the bonds in such cases 310.000. Mr. Wolfe said he had issued several warrants. We out suggest his first that before warrant. Mr. writing Wolfe read Ex-Senator Works' speech. from which excerpts are printed on another page of this issue. and if he should suspect Mr. Works as being a German conspirator he may find assurance in the person of Mr. Walter Hines Page. the American ambassador to England. a man whose Americanism I\lr. Wolfe can not doubt and who virtually 0. K.'s ExSenator Works" view by speaking of the ”complete understanding between England and America" and stating that “Politically we are one. and we must remain one forever.“ It may not convince Mr. Wolfe. but. let‘s hope. it will set him and those who share his attitude. of mind. athinking. In a press dispatch from London “Die Kolnische Yolkszeitung" is quoted as deploring the failure of ymt'rrn— mutt mrHtr/ds in I’ollmd. “A system of half measures and indecisitm.” it stated, “has in Geriiiaii:."s domestic affairs wrought tremendous harm and now it is completely broken down. It has been fatal in Poland and must not ht- continued. Thc blame for this does not lie entirely with the Poles. We share it. When a kingdom is created its frontiers should at least be fixed and its king appointed. We promised the Polish people independ('ll(‘t‘. That meant surely that at the head of administration there should be placed as soon as possible people who could at 102181 spt-ak l’olish. people whom llll‘ inhabitants of the coun~ tr_v could trust to hear and understand popular wishes. Few decorative personagt-s. no matter how capable. are not good t-nough. One pt-rson should be kept away from Poland under all circumstances. That person is the Prussian ‘k'tfi't'l'llllll‘lll assessor, whom we know so well in Prussia with his monoclu and other ornamental gewKi!“ 8. “We Germans are always bragging too much before the world about our administration. We boast of its integrity and wisdom as an ideal for the whole world. Even before the war there was general complaint that we Germans made ourselves disliked abroad chiefly because we wished to force our alleged better methods on others whether they wanted them or changed the opinion of a big town from being two-thirds German into being three—quarters pro«Ally. Ho liarped inc-ssantly upon the intention of the Germans to capture Spanish business .tppvuls to fear and for themselves. New pow/cw! (ll‘t’ far more fruitful than attempts to rouse srntimvnts of justim.’ or indignation." not.“ Under the heading War and Politics in America The Fortnightly Review (London) has this to say: “It is a political axiom in America that a war makes a president. President Taylor was the result of the Mexican war, Grant of the Civil War. and Roosevelt, indirectly, of the war against Spain. Who will become pre~ sident of the United States as an out~ come of the war against Germany is unwritten history as yet. The obvious prophecy would be Roosevelt; and in this idea is to be found the main spring of much of the political opposition to a Roosevelt expeditionary army." That axiom. we believe, will prove true again this time. but in a sense very much different from that in which it has been applied so far. The National Review (British) for July speaks of the German propaganda in Spain: and of the British efforts to counteract it, It claims that of late the pro-Ally sentiment in Spain is in— creasing and says: “For this our British propaganda may certainly claim part of the credit. On the whole there is good reason to be satisfied with the results of the work our countrymen have been doing of late in Spain. Many of them deserve our warm gratitude. They live and work hard; frequently for no pay, l‘uder no obligation to serve. they leave their homes and their families— I am speaking of men over military ageito live often in difficult conditions abroad. They have had, and still they have. big obstacles to get over. put in their way by the most infiuen tial elements in Spanish life. “Our regular propaganda depart ment suffers from lack of funds and from deficient knowledge in London of the Spanish character.—w\\'e need a flow of brighter. more original ideas The Outlook (British) is in a blue funk over the way in which British Liberals propose to solve the Alsace Lorrainr' question. It takes The Nation to task very severely for exWe are gratepressing those views. i'ul to The Outlook for publishing them in a quotation from The Nation, since this is the only way we could The Nation get knowledge of them. is reported as saying: “There are two possible ways of settling this question. One is to cede the certainly French area (Metz and Thionville) to France by an amicable bargain, such as the German minority Socialists propose. That might suffice to end their his toric feud. The other method, and in theory by far the better method, is to decide the question by an honest vote under neutral commissioners, taken separately in each area of the Reichs— lam.” We wonder why this view should rouse so much opposition, see« ing that the favorite principle of the Entcnte is the right of peoples to choose their own government. What is going 011 in Russia? lions know. of Americans would Mil- like to All the news we get is triple sifted in the fine meshes of the Lon« don censor. So is all the news from Holland, Denmark. Germany, Austria. Italy.iin fact from the entire world. We don’t get anything that London doesn‘t w .nt us to know. A fine situation for America and American politics! Our future as a nation depends on the accuracy and completeness with which American public opinion is informed today. And our good old Uncle Sam is willing to let this ac curacy depend on foreign agencies. The Associated Press and the United Press have become the mere mouthpieces of the London censor, and they are licking the hand that feeds them. And they try to tell us that such is \Ve “light do more in the way of dis Americanism. tributing newspapers which tell the trutlLvOne man 1 am thinking of has the future will gird the world with American cables, responsible to nobody but America, and serving an The Americanism of 15 American news agency. Until then, all those Americans who object to be- ing treated as mentally subject to Great Britain must assert their independcnce by reading between the lines and subjecting every bit of English made information to every test that Yankee shrewdness can devise. Well, what do you think of Bob La Follette voting for prohibition? we heard one gentleman address another in the elevator the other day. “He did not vote for prohibition,“, came back the reply, “he merely voted for the referendum, for the right of the people to say whether or not they want prohibition.” The fact is that the principle of a people’s referendum has absolutely nothing to do with this proposed amendment to the constitution prohibiting the manufacture, importation and sale of intoxicating liquor for beverage purposes thruout the U. S. It is not the people who are going to decide this question but the states. What is the difference? Just this: According to the census of 1910 the population of 36 of the states of the Union is about 41,000,000 and the population of the remaining 12 states is 51,000,000. If this amendment is going to be decided by the state legislatures — and according to the constitution it must be done that way —— the 36 small states with a population of 41,000,000 may decide over the head of the 12 large states with a popula- tion of 51,000,000, that is, the minori< ty will rule the majority. Do you call that rule by the people? The combined population of the 13 States: Nevada, Wyoming, Delaware. Arizona, Idaho. New Mexico, Vermont. Hampshire. New Montana, Utah, North Dakota, South Dakota and Ore. gon, 1910, amounted to 4,657,052; the population of Ohio was 4,767,121 or 110,069 in excess over the combined Still population of these 13 states. the minority population of those.” states will dictate the terms of 11v1ng to the majority population of Ohio. Do you call that rule by the people? The fact that the amendment pro- vision of our constitution does not provide for a ratification by popular .a vote and that the fight for such Sit— referendum would not change the nation. since it would have to be carried on under the existing inequitable provision, does not take an ounce of weight from our contention that the TI] 1? ll'I-IS'I‘ERN (‘RI TIC. Senate vote was not one for the people. that the explanation “Let the People. Rule" is not based on the facts in the case. It should be clearly understood tltat ratification by the states and ratification by the people are two entirely different propositions. senator Ilztsting/ had a peculiar homecoming itt Mayville. Wisconsin. He had been at home for some time. and nobody ltad been excited about it. Then some of his political friends figured it out that he really should have been welcomed in better style. and they arranged the affair for him. He went to a neighboring village for a few days. while those political friends scoured the country for post» “Always Good.” Senator llusting. to whom the dent» onstration (‘rllllt‘ us a surprise. was so deeply moved as to be unable to speak for a few moments. He then said: “I thank yott front the bottom of my heart for yottr presence here to» night. What can 1 say to express my appreciation of this splendid demon» stration? I shall go back to Washi ng ton inspired as never before to cotttinue my course as in the past. “We stand a united country. It is a slander for anyone to say that we are divided. There is no twilight zone between loyalty and treason. Let us have no more slacking either in the press or amongst the proletarians . Shall we be afraid to be counted masters and office-holders. Wlten they among the dead, wounded or missin gr had a sufficient number to fill the pro» gram, they engaged a band from a nearby townetheir own band refused to joinfiand waited at the station while Hosting came marching home front his few days exile. It was a rip»roaring success. the enthusiastic crowd cheered as only men can cheer whose jobs depend upon it. And the citizens of Mayville. where were they? Listening to the concert of their (‘ity»band just across from Hus» ting‘s home. serenely indifferent to Ilusting's homecoming. Here is The Journal's report on the politically. occasion. or on the battlefield? Judge for yourself. Try any one of our Brands: TEN CENTS ' algae; FIVE CENTS Ed T'lfi El Crisp: julius Caesar home. in Automobile tooting at horns Cuban Tips Stgno MADISON, WIS. For good service and the best of “Everything in .. Music”& m% Musical 3 T inappropriate Miss \Vest 101-105 King Street a INSTRU- .ROHLFING Sans MlJS|c_C NM: 5. SCHMIDT'Musm. nu... ., Cl ms-inbonrzns uhioofimmmummu: a Mmtawtusot MUSICAL msmuncuts MENTS can; St 126 one. . . enemas: Only a part of the Mayville population took part in the demonstratio n, the town being much divided over the. war. The only hitch in the program was the fact that the regular weekly concert of the Mayville band was held in spite of it, just across from Senato r Husting's Buy jingo Art . GEORGE WIESE CIGAR MANUFACTURER have no apology to make for my p0< sition in congress. and will never make any. I am going back to tell the president of the United States about this gathering.” persisted times. . Royal Honor La Flor de Cuba MtLWAUKELWts. HENRY N. KOCH Pres. MW” 3. KRAMER THE ONE REMEDY. A healthy reform»movement is goin): on in the country. Thousands of people have stopped grumbling: against the lies of the journa listic well poisoners. and instead, they artcancelling their subscriptions. It is the only way. since the elections are far oil". to register one's disapproval of the policies advocated in the jingro journals. Let your penny do your voting. It won't take these inleslinsers yery loin.r to realize that the penny is mightier than the pen: Meanwhile the funniest picture ol‘ silly and helpless anger is presented by loud who those shriek mouthed their indignation at them with their subscriptions. they squirm with “"3 mafllsn" "' Bandy company the miserable liars of our press, while they continue dutyt'ully to support day VOICi'imtls:r :lANO malcontents Every uncontrolled mile. -E and every day they send out TELEPHONE: WEST 1075 a new invitation to please call again. “You have insulted my holiest con» \‘ictions. you have spat upon me and kicked me for my opinions. is my penny. llut here (‘onie around and kick me again." 3" 2125 CHESTNUT STREET MADISON, WIS. \f w Subscribe for THE WESTERN CRIYI C; it’s only One Dollar 3 year. — Show it to y0ur friends, get them to subscribe.—Send in the name s of persons who are likely to beco me subscriberstecommend The Critic to advertisers. MILWAUKEE, WIS. 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