Walsh & Hoyt: Excessive or Anomalous Eyelid Closure

Unlike insufficient eyelid closure, which can be caused by neurologic, neuromuscular, or myopathic causes, excessive or inappropriate eyelid closure usually is neurologic in origin. Essential blepharospasm and the blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia syndrome (Meige syndrome; Brueghel syndrome). Blepharospasm associated with lesions of the brainstem and basal ganglia. Blepharoclonus and reflex blepharospasm. Ocular blepharospasm. Blepharospasm associated with drug-induced tardive dyskinesia. Facial tics and Tourette syndrome. Nonorganic blepharospasm. Focal seizures. Lid-triggered synkinesias. Facial myokymia (with and without spastic paretic facial contracture). Facial myokymia with peripheral neuropathy. Hemifacial spasm. Excessive eyelid closure of neuromuscular origin. Excessive eyelid closure of myopathic origin.