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Show ].J-1: HO KY JIIOU TAI N CENlWY. l . .' .A., a rcporlnot y<'t pnbli ·h •tl by the Gov<'rnnwnt. Tlw cl p,·cripti onH, )10\I'P \'('1', W('l'(l priutNL in Lit , anmLI ~ of th I Ly(;l'llrll or Natural History or N uw Y ork, ,·ol. !), 1808. 'l'IH· p;en ·ral ('()ll(: lusions clrawn from a slttdy of' Utis porti on or D r. lfn ycl<'n' ·olkdi > n ~ as r<'gards LhP 1lorn of Ut\' 'l'L' I'linr.r and C.: t·el;;tccous 11Niods, till' topop; raplty arHL climale of' Lilt> intt' ri ot· of' tlt l' contirw nt,- :ttHL wltirll l'or111 a pad of' nty conlriLmLion to C.:o lorll'l Haynol cl"s l'<'porl, - will he f'oun cl quotccl on another p:t g\'. inCL' tlint J'\'llOI'r wa · writt en, 1'\'1')' l:tl'<'l' adl li tions han' l H'\' 11 rnaclP ,... to our kn owl\>d o·p of our lal<' l' \'Xt inc'L ll ora~, by eolle<:tion:-; of' fossil planls lll:tdt· in difl'\' rcnt. portion: of' the w\•sh•r·n part of' Otll' eontirt \' IIL by Dr. lJaydl·n, Mr. Conllon, Dr. L t• Coni\' and rn ysl'lf; and al so by tltc coll<•c:;lic)J) . Jnacle by ~ lr. W. lf. l>all nncl Captain ll oll':ml in A laska, anl1 by ~overal explorer· 011 the conti ru •nt of Gr·\'\•nland. Defl'ITinp; f'or tliP pn•Ht• nt a <·onq ari son of lh plan t!> i lerivl•t1 fi·o 111 stmta of sirnilar ngt> in t il es\' wid<' ly Sl'parakdlo('alitit• · an cl the ini'Pn·nc·\'S dl•clucible from tlt \' 111 a:; r<'p;ai'ClH t! H• ]>lty sieal geograplty of' ottl' c·orttin<'nr, I Rhott ld say tha t tlu• Jlora. art t1 fauna of t ltl' lak L• dl'posits on bot!L sides of lh , Hoeky Mountains npparPldly bel ong to orw and th l' ·nnH' ~'To l op;il'a l age, and It'll t lw HH ill\ ' sto ry in n•gan1 to thP topogmplty, climate, co ndi tions and dl'l'l110plll \1 1l tol' anilllal anu vegc.>lab l I lil'l'. Then• i.· tlti 0 l'triking difl\•rpnce howcvl'r, ]Wl'\:l'ptil>l<• at the Jir -t glanel' lwtwl'L' Il l lil' fr<' ·h -wall'l' '1\•r·t iaril '. ol' the t':LHt and ll'l'st. In Oren·on, Jdalw an l Nvvatln, I' Olean ie mat<'l'iaiH hal'l· a<·ettntHin t<'d in tlt <' lnkl' baHiJl f:l to a lllu ch gn·atN <·xtl'nt tlt an cat of the Ho\'ky Moun tai n::;; and we lravp abum1ant ov i<ll' ll \'O that L1uring lit • 'l'l'l'linry }ll' t·iod t il l• ll'l'Stern margin of tlt t' contin<•Ht wa · t lie Rl'<'n\' of far p;rmtL·t· ,·olm nic actil'ity than WL' lrav • any r ceo rd of in Ute Ro ·ky Mountain bel l. 'l'h L• d<'posits J'ornwcl by tho lak basins of the t 'ppL' I' li ~ 'Ollri l'l'gion ar f:l itaiPs, marls arHL \'a rtlty linwsiones, with intrn cHS\' q nan t il il' of lignitP, b ut ll'ilh alntoHI no lm<·<·s of I'Olcani · prod ncl ·. Tlto nnntlwr of fm; ·il plants ancl anintal ~ is IIIJJ (' !J greatl'r tht'l'U titan furthl'L' west; and we hal'c i11 th 'S • dt'J>O ·itH proof that clnring trnrtttntb<' recl ages t·ltis l )O t-tion ol' the conlinl·nt ex ltibill'Ll a divl'rHifil'CL and b •autil'ul ·url'act-, wlriclt sustaiJwd fL luxuriant <>· t·owllt of v<•<•·l'lalion and an amount of animal Jif ' far in L'Xl'PS· of what i t Ita · uonc• in" mod•m tim·~- 'l'lti ~ ·onclition of things CXi tccl ]OIIg enouo· !J for hnndrcd • and CV 1J1 tJrousa.ncl • Of J' »t of SellimentS 14!) to aCC'llll1lllatc in rh l)ottorns of C'XtPnsive fre ·h-water lakes. Tltoso lak IH wc•t·c• o·mdually and sl owly diminish0d in ar·ca by the filling trp of' thPir· ba ·ins and by tltl' wC'aring away of th ~ barriers ove1· whi ch passed their g\•ntly fl owing, draining ~t n'am;.;. .'in e<1 th0 di position of' t ltp f'n•sh-wat pr· Tl'l'liari c•s whi ·It ocenpy llH· plal'C'H of t it (' old lak e~, g n•at clt:wgc•s lt avL~ takc•tt pla ·e in tlH• topogra phy of Uti r •g ion by the up llC'aml of' portion .· of the Ro<"ky :Monntain rang<' . ln ,·o ttt • loeali t icf:l tlt c~l' lakP d <' ( W~ it H nr<' f'ounc1 lt11'11Pc1 np on Pdg • and l'l' ·ti ng on th<• flank.· of' th <• lliOJJiltains wlti ch borLll'l' tho plain · 0 11 the wp,·t. H is C<• rtain, h JWl'ver·, t hal tntt ch of' til\' Ho('ky Mountain b ·1t t>Xi f:l tl'd anterior to Litis date. \\' (• han• in tlt es ·, and many otlH ·r facts Llrat mig ht lw cilccl, }lt'oo f's of' flip tnttlt of' tit ' asse rtion ] havo el. \~ wh r mnclo rllat tltl's<· grl'at monntnin cltain .·, th ough exi. ·ti no· at least in embryo f'ron1 Lite earl il·Ht pal \•ozo i<' ng\'S, have•, Hine tlH' n, hc><'n subjP<'t to many and vari<•t1 IIICH1ificat iorh>; tlmt t lu•.>' hnv • b<·~n , in fact, ltittn·pf:l upon wltiC'It till' "Teat plate· of' l hl' co ntin<•nl !tal'(' turned ; lin t'· of w<•akn • · · wlt cr<· Ore <" lian gc~ of' l eve l c•xp •ri c•n 'l'cl by tit • ·onlinL•nt ltal'<' b'cn mo t s nsihly flo'lt. Jt i ·a omcwltat l'l'lnftrkah lc fa<" t lltat tho coliPd ions of' f'o~s il plant;; ntadl' lJy Dr. Jlaycl\' 11 from diff'er·<·nt locali t i\1 clift'er so nttl\'h anHlllf\' t iH·ms<'lvcH. In V\'1'.}' JH'wly <li :-;cov ' l'l'tl plart L-bl·cl hl' has obtai n<'<l JJIOI'll or· ]p S Spl'C i<•s Of wlticlt WC b •f'OI'<' lmd 110 knowlpc1 gl', :mel it i;.; <'V\'11 [ 1'110 tltat lwtw'l'n RO lli of' his ·o]ledion:; lltl' l'\' nrc 11 0 eo nnl'eting link ~ . It is aiRO tru tha t. IIlli ·h of the mat<• J'iill hl' ha · C'O il\' •t\'d 1m.· nol }'l't l'\'Cl'i Vl'<L lltl' sLn<ly it ll ' l'ds. l<'rolll tit ,'<' l'aet:; ilwilll>l' Sl'\'11 that rnuch yc•t r<'nmin:; to lJ • dorH' b efon• tlte o· t· 'at intl' rvnl of linH' dnring whi ch t ltis SC' I'i C's of fn•Hlt -watpr T\• rtiaril'S accumulatl'd can b 1 dividcc1 in to ckfini t\' }1\'l'iod:;, and -be f'or ' W\' can vcnturt> t affirn1 tlrat Huelt an PpoC'lr ltml :t fl om of su ·lr or tr clr a llOtanintl cltamctPr and tlt erl'f'orc, t lris or that nvNag annual t\'lllj)PnLttll'l'. otno in t('.I'<'Hli ng fa ·t;.; eamc out, h wcvl' r, n,L Oil \'\' in t ire l'Xamination of these· matcriaiH; to the· • I will b ric·fl .)' n•f't• r. ln tlrt• bl'ginning of the Cn•tac<'ous age, Nor th Anwrica, as we llo'at·n, pl'C 'PlllN1 a broad l:lllcl ·ul'f'acc•, kwirl"' a climato ·itnilar to tlr ~ lll' 's<• nt, and co ver·ed wi t lr fo n~ ts · o n ~ i ~t in g, !'or t ire most part, of trl'l1S lwl onging to tire sanr • gcnc•rrL witl1 tlro~o tltat now fl ouri ·It upon it. ln llt t> vrogn•s: of lire CretaceouH ag', tlr 0 ']' •ater par-t of the continent wet r t liP :i\lissi ·sippi ank l><' ll<'at h. tltc ocpan, and t iH· clq>o ·its made during tit(' lat<·r· porti ons of tho r •ta.c •ou ag ' coJJtain a VP" ·tation more tl'opi ·al in 20 |